Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Prejudice in the tribal structure of the Arabs and its role in Islam

Mobin Ghadermarzi — 2022-04-28

In all human civilizations, there is the concept of prejudice, which is one of the requirements for the survival of a civilization. In this article, the aim is to examine the prejudice in the tribal structure of the Arabs. Prejudice is one of the characteristics of the pre-Islamic Arabs that existed structurally among the Arabs even after Islam. This prejudice, which was very evident among the pre-Islamic Arabs, played an important role not only among the post-Islamic Arabs but also in the events of the Islamic realm. Including in the incident of Saqifah Bani Saadeh and the Arab policies of the Umayyads. In this article, using the second and third hand sources, the role of prejudice in the events of the Islamic Caliphate has been investigated.

The Relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ Self-Resiliency and their Burn out

Ali Morshedi Tonekaboni — 2022-04-28

In a foreign language setting, social-psychological variables are very important. These variables can highly influence the learners’ and consequently teachers' performance. One of the most influential psychosocial domains in language pedagogy is self-resiliency. Burnout is a persistent, negative, work-related state which involves mental, emotional, or physical exhaustion. Teacher burnout has been a major concern in mainstream education in recent years. However, it has been less examined among EFL teachers. Therefore, this study adopted a correlational design to fill the gap by examining the (possible) relationship between their burnout and self-resilience in the Iranian EFL context. Another influential factor that is of utmost importance in teaching contexts is burnout. The needed data were gathered through the application of two questionnaires: The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Resilience Scale. The participants were 97 experienced teachers having university education from Mashhad Iran. They were both males and females and from different age groups. After obtaining the raw data, the SPSS software (version 22) was used to change the data into the numerical interpretable form. The result showed that the participants’ self-resiliency has a reverse relationship with their burnout.

The Effectiveness of Motivational Psychotherapy on Reducing Cognitive Distortions and Readiness to Commit Suicide in Adolescents

Hassan Rahmanpour — 2022-08-22

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of motivational psychotherapy on reducing cognitive distortions and readiness to commit suicide in adolescents. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and control group. The statistical population of this research included all male students of the first secondary level of Qain city in the academic year of 2021-2022. In order to select the sample group, the available sampling method was used along with the simple random method. In this way, 30 male students of the second secondary level of Qain city, who met the criteria for entering the study (56 people), were randomly selected and were placed in two experimental and control groups through random replacement (15 people in each group). The criteria for entering the study were: 1. Obtaining a high score (one standard deviation above the average) in the questionnaire of cognitive distortions. 2. Being a volunteer. The research tools included a cognitive distortions questionnaire and a suicide attempt questionnaire, which was first performed on both experimental and control groups as a pre-test, and then the experimental group was subjected to behavioral psychotherapy (independent variable) (ten sessions of 90 minutes in ten week) and the control group did not undergo any intervention. In the end, a post-test was conducted from both groups. Covariance test was used to analyze the data. Their results showed that motivational psychotherapy significantly reduced cognitive distortions and suicide readiness in adolescents. The results of this research can open the way for counselors and psychotherapists to help teenagers.

Iranian EFL Teachers' Opinions Regarding Language Learning and Teaching: Changes with Their Growth in Experience

Afsaneh Khorrami — 2022-08-23

Teachers’ beliefs play significant roles in various dimensions of teachers’ activities in the classroom and on students’ lives. The current study aimed to examine teachers’ opinions regarding language teaching and learning and their change through the passage of five years. From 1000 EFL teachers, estimated as the population, 278 EFL teachers are chosen as the participants. To measure the level of change, the researcher modified the perspectives as regard to language learning and teaching inventory (BALLATI) and asked the participants to respond. Based on the gathered data through google forms and the distributed questionnaires, the demographic information acquired from the participants, the level of difference based on their gender, academic degree, and their major were also measured. The results of data analysis demonstrated that there stood a substantial difference among teachers’ opinions of five years ago and their present beliefs about language teaching and learning. Moreover, regarding teachers’ gender, degree and major, no substantial difference between their beliefs from five years ago up to now were observed. The results may be fruitful for authorities of teacher training centers who need to know that the pre-services and new teachers' beliefs toward language learning and teaching is an effective issue in their future career progression and they may be the subject of change based on their growth in experience.